Uniform Resource Identifiers (or URIs) are strings like
http://icpc.baylor.edu/icpc/, mailto:foo@bar.org,
ftp://127.0.0.1/pub/linux, or even just readme.txt that are
used to identify a resource, usually on the Internet or a local computer.
Certain characters are reserved within URIs, and if a reserved character is
part of an identifier then it must be percent-encoded by
replacing it with a percent sign followed by two hexadecimal digits
representing the ASCII code of the character. A table of seven reserved
characters and their encodings is shown below. Your job is to write a
program that can percent-encode a string of characters.

        <td><b>Encoding</b></td>
     </tr>
  </thead>

  <tbody>
     <tr>
        <td>" " (space)</td>

        <td align="right">%20</td>
     </tr>

     <tr>

        <td>"<tt>!</tt>" (exclamation point)</td>

        <td align="right">%21</td>
     </tr>

     <tr>
        <td>"<tt>$</tt>" (dollar sign)</td>

        <td align="right">%24</td>
     </tr>

     <tr>
        <td>"<tt>%</tt>" (percent sign)</td>

        <td align="right">%25</td>

     </tr>

     <tr>
        <td>"<tt>(</tt>" (left parenthesis)</td>

        <td align="right">%28</td>
     </tr>

     <tr>
        <td>"<tt>)</tt>" (right parenthesis)</td>

        <td align="right">%29</td>
     </tr>

     <tr>
        <td>"<tt>*</tt>" (asterisk)</td>

        <td align="right">%2a</td>

Happy Joy Joy!
http://icpc.baylor.edu/icpc/
plain_vanilla
(**)
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the 7% solution
#

Happy%20Joy%20Joy%21
http://icpc.baylor.edu/icpc/
plain_vanilla
%28%2a%2a%29
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the%207%25%20solution