I have to admit, the solution I proposed last year for solving the bank cash crisis didn’t solve the
whole economic crisis. As it turns out, companies don’t have that much cash in the first place.
They have assets which are primarily shares in other companies. It is common, and acceptable,
for one company to own shares in another. What complicates the issue is for two companies to
own shares in each other at the same time. If you think of it for a moment, this means that each
company now (indirectly) controls its own shares.
New market regulation is being implemented: No company can control shares in itself, whether
directly or indirectly. The Stock Market Authority is looking for a computerized solution that
will help it detect any buying activity that will result in a company controlling its own shares. It
is obvious why they need a program to do so, just imagine the situation where company A buying
shares in B, B buying in C, and then C buying in A. While the first two purchases are acceptable.
The third purchase should be rejected since it will lead to the three companies controlling shares
in themselves. The program will be given all purchasing transactions in chronological order. The
program should reject any transaction that could lead to one company controlling its own shares.
All other transactions are accepted.
Your program will be tested on one or more test cases. Each test case is specified on T + 1
lines. The first line specifies two positive numbers: (0 < N ≤ 234) is the number of companies
and (0 < T ≤ 100, 000) is the number of transactions. T lines follow, each describing a buying
transaction. Each transaction is specified using two numbers A and B where (0 < A,B ≤ N)
indicating that company A wants to buy shares in company B.
The last line of the input file has two zeros.
For each test case, print the following line:
k. R
3 6 1 2 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 0 0
1. 2
Migrated from old NTUJ.
ANARC 2009
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